Refinery and petrochemical units, as critical pillars of the energy and chemical industries, depend heavily on thermal systems, particularly burners. Fired heaters are used to

Boilers serve as fundamental components in heating systems, supplying the thermal energy essential for a range of industrial and commercial applications. The burner, as the

In today’s world, energy conservation reducing environmental pollution are top priorities across various industrial sectors. Burners, as the central components of industrial furnaces and boilers,