Methods of Optimizing Boiler Efficiency and Reducing NOx Emission
The article explores NOx pollution from fossil fuel combustion, advocating Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) for up to 50% reduction. It highlights sources, FGR benefits, and
The article explores NOx pollution from fossil fuel combustion, advocating Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) for up to 50% reduction. It highlights sources, FGR benefits, and
During the last century, Nitrogen oxide emissions, called NOx, have constantly been increasing. Due to the destructive effects of nitrogen oxides on the health of
The «furnace industry» and products determine the type of flame contact. In many heat treatment processes, where the combustion gases must not come into contact
The Packman heavy fuel oil preheaters are designed for efficiently heating heavy oil to adjust the proper viscosity for the burner. The design is based on the general conditions such as the type and properties of the heavy fuel oil, pressure requirements of the pump and temperature as well as the desired operating points in the process. Electrical heavy fuel oil heater directly heat fuel by converting electrical energy in the heating elements to thermal energy. The thermal energy is then transferred from the heating electrical elements to the fluid.The unit skids are designed in order to prepare heavy fuel oil with max viscosity 10 Cst at 130°C and outlet pressure of 25 mbar.
For the combustion of fuel oil, its viscosity must be between 12 and 20 centistokes when entering the burner, and in no case should it exceed 20 centistokes. This way, proper fuel injection and distribution of fuel droplets are ensured. Considering the quality of crude oil available in the market, it is necessary to carefully measure and control the viscosity changes of this fuel with temperature. Furthermore, it is necessary to keep the temperature changes of the heated fuel oil as low as possible to achieve a flame with a uniform behavior and a stable shape.
The use of liquid fuel as a burner fuel can be divided into the following steps:
For appropriate spraying and combustion of fuel oil, it is necessary to reduce its viscosity sufficiently. Viscosity is a variable quantity and decreases with increasing fluid temperature. For instance, the appropriate viscosity for fuel oil combustion in high-energy burners is 5-10 cSt. Reduction in viscosity occurs for fuel with an initial viscosity of 180 to 380 centistokes at a temperature of 100 to 140 degrees Celsius. Since fuel oil sometimes includes impurities and foreign materials, it is necessary to maintain and repair the combustion equipment that works with this fuel type carefully and continuously. Due to the importance of this part of the production line, the main equipment of the combustion system is usually considered dual (including a coarse filter to protect the fuel pump, fuel pump, heat exchangers for fuel preheating, fine filters to protect the nozzle fuel injector). If one fails, the other will continue to work and prevent the complete stop of the production process.
This method has a high operating cost, so it can only be used as a fuel oil heating system in low-capacity production lines. However, the electric heater is used as an auxiliary system along with other heaters, especially during the start-up of the production line. In this method, in addition to using electric coils, the electric current can be directly connected to the fuel oil pipeline so that the passing fuel is heated due to the pipes’ electric resistance and heating. The electricity used must have high current intensity and low voltage.
PACKMAN Company was established in February, 1975. The company has started its activity in the field of producing High-Pressure Vessels such as Hot-Water Boilers, Steam Boilers, Pool Coil Tanks, Softeners and Heat Exchangers since 1984.
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