Comprehensive Guide to National and International Standards for Industrial Burners

To ensure high efficiency and the required safety of industrial burners in various industries, they must be designed and operated in compliance with recognized standards. Such standards ensure both product reliability and the protection of human health and the environment.

This article will cover the most important international and national standards, safety regulations, emission benchmarks, and their contribution to improving the performance and reliability of industrial burners.

Definition of National and International Standards for Industrial Burners

National and international standards for industrial burners are a set of technical requirements and guidelines developed to ensure safety, reduce emissions, and improve burner efficiency. Adhering to these standards extends equipment lifespan, improves product quality, and facilitates entry into international markets.

To further explore the various types of industrial burners, you can review the article titled “Introduction to Industrial Burners “.

Definition of Technical Standard by U.S. Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy is one of the key authorities responsible for formulating and overseeing technical standards across various industries. The department significantly contributes to advancing safety, energy efficiency, emission reduction, and equipment quality. Alongside standard development, it is actively involved in research and innovation projects, seeking to apply advanced technologies to achieve greater efficiency and sustainable industrial operations.

Subsequently, the U.S. Department of Energy defines the Technical Standard as follows:

“A document that sets down a discretionary set of actions that must be accomplished to meet the purpose of the encompassing document. These actions are generally concerned with descriptions or steps that must be met to accomplish a specific task, such as classification of components, operation of equipment, enhancement of quality, or protection of personnel. They may also be used for procurement activities, such as specification of materials, products, or services in accordance with a specific set of conditions for delivery. Technical Standards may only be made mandatory by direct reference in a requirements-type document, such as a contract, law, rule, or Federal agency directive.”

Main Structure of National and International Standards for Industrial Burners

The primary structure of national and international standards for industrial burners consists of a series of directives and technical specifications that are critical for proper design, production, and utilization of the equipment. Burners are used across various sectors, including industrial, commercial, and even residential applications, and must be designed and installed according to these rules to minimize risks to humans and the environment.

Compliance with these frameworks indicates proper quality in burner design and performance. It also ensures a high level of safety and prevents the release of harmful pollutants from the combustion process.

Through the formulation of standards, official agencies and recognized international organizations require manufacturers to comply with set guidelines on pollution control, safety, and technical testing.

International standards for Industrial Burners

International standards consist of regulations and instructions accepted in many nations and are generally created with strict accuracy by esteemed global organizations. These standards are established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), recognized as the official authority for drafting and defining standards.

International standards are particularly significant in the combustion industry, particularly for industrial burners. Among the most important are EN 676, EN 267, ISO 22967, and ISO 22968, each recognized as an authoritative reference for assessing the quality, safety, and emissions of these devices. Detailed descriptions of all standards are provided below.

1- The EN 676 standard

The European standard EN 676, known in the UK as BS EN 676, is one of the most important international standards used for gas burners with forced draft. This standard outlines the technical requirements for the design of gas burners, safety control equipment, and testing procedures for these burners. In accordance with national and international standards for industrial burners, CO emission level must not exceed 100 mg/kWh. The EN 676 standard applies to the following types of burners:

• Premixed and nozzle-mix burners
• Single burner with a single combustion chamber
• Single-fuel and dual-fuel burners when operating with gas only
• The operation of gas section of dual-fuel burners designed to burn both gaseous and liquid fuels simultaneously

Additionally, this standard sets special requirements for dual-fuel burners that use both gaseous and liquid fuels simultaneously. An important aspect of the standard is the determination of the burners’ NOx class, which is presented in the table below.

NOX class	NOx emission levels in terms of mg/kWh
	Natural gas	LPG
1	≤ 170	≤ 230
2	≤ 120	≤ 180
3	≤ 80	≤ 140
4	≤ 60	≤ 110

Under this standard, the amount of CO released while the burner operates at the voltage specified in the guidelines must remain below 100 mg/kWh.

2- The EN 267 standard

The EN 267 standard is similar to EN 676 but is specifically designed for liquid-fuel burners with combustion air supply fans. Compliance with this standard in liquid-fuel burners enhances quality, reduces emissions, and improves efficiency. The EN 267 standard applies to the following cases:

• Single burner installed in a combustion chamber
• Single burner installed in equipment with additional requirements
• Single-fuel and dual-fuel burners operating with liquid fuel only
• The operation of the liquid fuel section of dual-fuel burners designed to burn both gaseous and liquid fuels simultaneously

According to this standard, for liquid fuel with a viscosity of 1.6 to 6 cSt at 20°C, CO and NOx emissions must not exceed the values specified in the table below.

class	NOX (mg/kWh)	CO (mg/kWh)
1	≤ 250	≤ 110
2	≤ 185	≤ 110
3	≤ 120	≤ 60
Xa	__	≤ 110
a: In this class which is used for industrial applications, no specific value for NOx has been determined due to the unknown parameters of the process and fuel composition.

3- The ISO 22967 standard

The ISO 22967 standard, known as ‘Forced Draught Gas Burners,’ was issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This standard is similar to EN 676 and focuses on the performance of burners using gaseous fuel.

In this standard, the burners’ emission class is assigned based on the figures provided in the table below.

emission class	NOX emission level (mg/kWh)		CO emission level (mg/kWh)
	natural gas	LPG	natural gas – LPG
0	≤ 240	≤ 300	≤ 350
1	≤ 170	≤ 230	≤ 100
2	≤ 120	≤ 180	≤ 100
3	≤ 80	≤ 140	≤ 100

4- The ISO 22968 standard

The ISO 22968 standard, known as ‘Forced Draught Oil Burners,’ focuses on evaluating the performance of liquid-fuel burners. It resembles EN 267 and is intended specifically for burners using liquid fuel.

In this standard, the emission classes are established according to the table below.

class	NOX (mg/kWh)	CO (mg/kWh)
0	>250	≤ 350
1	≤ 250	≤ 110
2	≤ 185	≤ 110
3	≤ 120	≤ 60

5- Safety and Control Devices for Burners and Appliances Burning Gaseous and/or Liquid Fuels

In addition to national and international standards for industrial burners, various standards have also been developed to ensure the quality and performance of the auxiliary components of these burners, such as control systems, valves, and more.  Some examples of European standards include:

• EN 298:Automatic burner control systems for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid fuels
• EN 161:Automatic shut-off valves for gas burners and gas appliances
• EN 13611:Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas burning appliances – General requirements
• EN 1854:Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous and/or liquid fuels.
• EN 1643: Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous and/or liquid fuels. Valve proving systems for automatic shut-off valves
• EN 14459:Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid fuels – Control functions in electronic systems – Methods for classification and assessment
• EN 16340:Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid fuels. Combustion product sensing devices
• EN 16304:Automatic vent valves for gas burners and gas burning appliances
• EN 16678:Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas burning appliances. Automatic shut-off valves for operating pressure of above 500 kPa up to and including 6 300 kPa
• EN 16830:Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid fuels. Control functions in electronic systems. Temperature Control function

The above standards generally have ISO equivalents developed by the International Organization for Standardization; however, for brevity, references to them have been omitted in this article.

Iranian National standards for industrial burners

In addition to international standards, national standards for industrial burners in individual countries are also highly significant. In Iran, the National Standard Organization has developed standards such as 7594 and 7595, which are equivalent to the European EN standards. These standards also refer to the technical and safety requirements of burners in various industries.

The Iranian National Standard 7595, titled ‘Forced Draught Gas Burners – Specifications and Test Methods,’ is equivalent to the European Standard EN 676. It specifies the design criteria, testing methods, and emission requirements for gas-fired burners using fuels like natural gas and LPG with air supply fan.

The Iranian National Standard 7594 also defines the criteria for liquid-fuel forced draught burners, including those using diesel. This standard, titled ‘Forced Draught Oil Burners – Characteristics and Test Methods,’ corresponds to the European Standard EN 267.

Moreover, the Iranian National Standards Organization has published several standards concerning auxiliary systems of burners, generally aligned with European standards. The following are some examples:

• 10254:Automatic control systems for burners and appliances which operate with gas or liquid fuels
• Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-fired appliances
• 12771:Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-fired appliances – Specific requirements – Section 1 – Automatic Valves
• 12863: Pressure sensing devices for gas burners and gas-fired appliances
• 15418:Control and safety devices for gas burners and gas fired appliances – Leak detection systems for automatic shut-off valves
• 22147:Control and safety devices for burners and appliances operating with gas or liquid fuels – Control functions in electronic systems – Classification and evaluation methods
• 22352:Automatic vent valves for gas burners and gas-fired appliances
• 22353:Control and safety devices for gas burners and gas-fired appliances – Automatic shut-off valves for operating pressures ranging from 500 kPa up to and including 6300 kPa
• 22891:Safety and control devices for burners and appliances using gas or liquid fuel – Control functions in electronic systems – Temperature control functions
• 6800:Automatic shut-off valves for burners and gas-fired appliances

Industrial Burner Standards; National and International Requirements

As critical components in numerous industries, industrial burners supply the required thermal energy. To guarantee safe and efficient operation, different standards have been issued by recognized national and international bodies. Specifically, institutions such as the American Petroleum Institute (API), the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum have established a set of standards for burners and related equipment.

Standards such as IPS-G-ME-210, developed by the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum for refinery and petrochemical applications, are specifically tailored for burners used in refineries and the oil and gas industries. These standards define particular requirements for burner safety, performance, and design.

Furthermore, organizations such as the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) have also developed global standards for burners. Such standards are crucial for guaranteeing burner efficiency and safety in diverse industrial sectors.

API, particularly in the oil and gas sectors, provides widely recognized standards such as API-RP-535 for the design and maintenance of fire heater burners in petrochemical plants. These standards pay special attention to both operational performance and equipment safety.

ATEX guidelines are implemented in industrial settings prone to explosions, specifying the safety standards for equipment to avoid accident.

Overall, adherence to various standards in the design, installation, and maintenance of burners ensures optimal performance and equipment safety across different industries.

Raadman Burners and International Standards

Raadman burners are designed and manufactured in accordance with national and international standards such as EN 676, EN 267, ISO 22967, and ISO 22968. These standards ensure optimal functionality and consistent equipment quality in various conditions, supporting the production of high-durability burners aligned with industrial demands. Due to strict compliance with these standards, Raadman burners are considered a reliable and efficient choice for both domestic and international industries.

International standards for industrial burners; the key to safety and quality in industry

As vital equipment in multiple industries, industrial burners must comply with national and international standards to ensure proper design and operation. Compliance with these standards improves safety, performance, and quality while also contributing to emission reduction and environmental protection.

From well-known international standards such as EN 676 and ISO 22967 to specific guidelines like API and ATEX, each provides precise requirements and guidance for burner design and testing. Compliance with these standards by industrial burner manufacturers ensures that their products achieve the highest levels of quality, safety, and performance.

In conclusion, the standards and requirements for industrial burners act not only as quality assurance measures but also provide industries with confidence in using safe, efficient, and sustainable equipment. Raadman burners, in compliance with these standards, are capable of meeting industrial needs both domestically and internationally and are consistently regarded as a reliable choice for different sectors.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on National and International Standards for Industrial Burners

1- What are the most important international standards for gas-fired burners?

EN 676 (European Standard) and ISO 22967 (International Standard) are the main recognized standards for forced-draught gas burners, specifying technical specifications, safety criteria, and emission classes.

2- Are there separate standards for burner auxiliary components, such as valves and controllers?

Indeed, aside from the burner, critical components like automatic control systems (EN 298), gas cut-off valves (EN 161), and pressure sensors (EN 1854) are governed by distinct European and international standards to guarantee overall system safety and efficiency.

3- What is the ATEX directive, and in which cases is it applied to burners?

ATEX is a European directive for equipment used in explosive atmospheres, such as in the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries.  Burners and related components in these settings must have ATEX certification to ensure they do not ignite or cause explosions.

3- What is the difference between ISO 22967 and ISO 22968 standards?

ISO 22967 is intended for gas burners, whereas ISO 22968 covers liquid fuel burners, with both specifying emission classes and operational standards.

4- What is the difference between ISO 22967 and ISO 22968 standards?

ISO 22967 is intended for gas-fired burners, whereas ISO 22968 addresses liquid-fuel burners; both set standards for emission classes and operational performance.

5- What are the Iranian national standards for industrial burners?

Iranian standards 7594 for liquid fuel burners and 7595 for gas burners are equivalent to EN 267 and EN 676, outlining design, safety, and test criteria.